비밀 복구 문구는 무엇일까요?

암호화폐는 자기 관리에 관한 것입니다. 기존 은행업무와는 달리 귀하는 귀하의 자산에 대한 소유권을 가질 수 있습니다. 그러나 여기에는 책임이 따릅니다. 개인 키를 보호하는 것과 지갑에 대한 액세스를 유지하는 것은 또 다른 문제입니다. 오늘날에는 더 이상 자신의 계정에 접근할 수 없는 사람들이 소유한 수많은 휴면 비트코인 지갑이 있습니다.

That’s why backing up your crypto wallet is so important. Who knows what challenges your backup may face, from loss or theft to natural disasters?

그렇다면 암호화폐 지갑을 어떻게 효과적으로 백업할 수 있나요?

Well, the answer lies with something you may be familiar with if you already have a crypto wallet: your Secret Recovery Phrase, also known as a seed phrase.

In short, it lets you restore an entire crypto wallet on a new device or interface—along with all of the accounts associated with it. But there’s a bit more to it than that. Let’s dive in:

What is a Seed Phrase?

A seed phrase, also known as a Secret Recovery Phrase (SRP) or mnemonic, is simply a collection of words that allows you to restore your entire crypto wallet. It’s those 12-24 English words that your wallet presented you with while setting it up. If you followed its instructions correctly you should have recorded these words in order somewhere.

This simple sequence is similar to a master key for your private keys. To explain, your wallet uses it to generate private keys for multiple networks and accounts. This is how you can restore the entire wallet with that single seed phrase.

이제 그것이 무엇인지 아시겠지만, 정확히 무엇을 위한 것입니까?

What is a seed phrase for?

A seed phrase is simply for providing a backup of your wallet should it become unusable via theft or destruction. Perhaps your wallet got stuck in the washing machine. Or perhaps you were relying on a software wallet on a laptop that doesn’t work any longer. Alternatively, you might just want to change which wallet you use.

In these cases, a seed phrase gives you the option to restore the entire wallet on another device or interface. To explain, your crypto is not in your wallet itself, but on the blockchain. The wallet simply protects the private keys connecting you to those blockchain addresses.  As long as your recovery phrase is the same, the calculation of the private keys will always have the same result—giving you access to all of the accounts connected to that mnemonic.

새 지갑을 설정할 때 일반적으로 새 지갑을 설정하거나 복구 문구에서 복원할 수 있는 옵션이 제공됩니다. 후자를 선택하면 12~24단어를 입력하여 새 장치나 인터페이스에서 전체 지갑을 복원할 수 있습니다. 즉, 원래 지갑 공급자가 더 이상 존재하지 않더라도 다른 호환 가능한 지갑에 단어를 입력하여 액세스를 복원할 수 있습니다(보안상의 이유로 이를 피하고 싶을 수도 있음).

But before we get there, let’s explore how a seed phrase works, and how it’s able to do this.

How Do Seed Phrases Work?

It’s important to note your recovery phrase doesn’t start off as a set of words. It’s actually just a translated version of a long string of numbers called the entropy. However, the entropy is so long that it’s very impractical to record. To solve this problem, Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 39 (BIP-39) introduced a standardized method to translate that long number into something more easily recorded by a human. Using this method, there are a total of 2048 English words that your seed phrase may use to translate the entropy. 

이 시점에서 궁금할 수도 있습니다. 긴 숫자를 문자 그대로 번역한 것이라면 비밀 복구가 안전한 이유는 무엇일까요? 글쎄요, 사실 그것은 엔트로피가 어떻게 생성되었는지와 더 관련이 있습니다. 설명하자면 엔트로피는 매우 길고 무작위적이어야 하며, 그렇지 않으면 누군가가 이를 추측할 수 있을 것입니다. 엔트로피가 무작위로 선택되고 128비트 이상으로 구성되는 한, 어떤 사람이나 컴퓨터도 엔트로피를 해독할 수 없을 만큼 충분히 안전합니다.

Ledger Secret Recovery Phrases (Seed Phrases) Explained

Ledger 장치는 난수 생성기(RNG)를 사용하여 엔트로피를 생성하므로 매우 무작위입니다. 또한 모든 Ledger 장치는 24단어 복구 문구를 사용하는데, 이는 256비트의 엔트로피로 변환됩니다. 이는 조합을 추측하는 것이 불가능할 정도로 충분히 길습니다.

Ledger에서 생성 프로세스를 시작하는 방법은 다음과 같습니다:

1. Ledger 장치의 전원을 켭니다
2. Set a personal PIN code
3. 귀하의 장치는 임의의 긴 숫자(a.k.a)를 생성합니다. 엔트로피
4. The entropy is translated into your Secret Recovery Phrase (seed phrase) using BIP-39
5. The Secret Recovery Phrase (seed phrase) is displayed on your Trusted Display

If you ever receive a device containing a pre-completed Secret Recovery Phrase or PIN code, do not use the device! It may mean that the device is pre-owned, or possibly even tampered with. Under these circumstances, contact Ledger customer support for more information.

How Can I Keep My Seed Phrase Safe?

So, now you know that your seed phrase is a backup to all of your crypto wallet. This also means that if anyone else can get their hands on your set of 24 words, they can access your cryptocurrencies. As such, it’s extremely important to keep your seed phrase secure. So what can you do to protect it?

정확하게 녹음했는지 확인하세요

Firstly, you want to make sure you write down or record your seed phrase correctly. Any error in spelling or word order would cause a different set of addresses to be generated. To lend a hand with this, Ledger has developed a dedicated application. The Recovery Check app lets you check if the recovery phrase you wrote down matches the one protecting your device. Easy!

오프라인으로 저장하세요

Next, you should never store your SRP on cloud-based services. If the server is hacked, your seed phrase—and therefore your wallet—could become compromised. Similarly, you should never transact while using software wallets on devices using shared wifi networks. You wouldn’t want to share your seed phrase with everyone on the airport wifi, would you? Well, keeping a copy of your seed phrase on an internet-connected device is asking for exactly that. 

Recording your seed phrase on something physical— be that a hardware wallet or a piece of paper—is a much better option.

At this point, it’s important to mention that you should never restore your hardware wallet’s seed phrase into a software wallet. To explain, the entire point of a hardware wallet is that it generates your seed phrase completely offline. This means not even the most sophisticated digital spyware could see those words. If you enter that same secure recovery phrase into a wallet that doesn’t have those same qualities, you risk exposing it. In short, if you import your hardware wallet into a software wallet, your secret recovery phrase might be vulnerable to online threats.

도둑, 사고, 자연재해로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳에 보관하세요

To follow, you should also bear in mind where you store your SRP physically. If someone steals your SRP sheet, they can easily access your wallet. Thus, no one should know your secret hiding place—not your mom, not your wife, and certainly not your housemates. In the cases where you have no safe place to store your seed phrase, you may be interested in Ledger Recover. The paid optional service allows users to back up their seed phrases by fragmenting and distributing them to custodians. In short, this removes the burden of protecting your seed phrase at home.

Then, of course, sometimes losing your seed phrase is more of an accident. For example, what happens if your house burns down and your seed phrase is stored on a piece of paper inside it? To protect against these types of disasters, a great option is the BillFODL. This type of physical storage is very resistant to potential damage—and sleek at the same time.

Never Share Your Seed Phrase With Anyone

And of course, the final piece of advice is never to share your 24-word recovery phrase with anyone – not even with Ledger. We will never ask for it, nor should anyone else. Remember: you are the final barrier to your assets. Don’t let your guard down, as bad actors will try to socially engineer you into revealing your seed phrase. Not your keys, not your coins: if someone has access to your SRP they have all of your keys.

Your Seed Phrase: A Necessary Wallet Backup Tool

So, now you know all about seed phrases; from what they are to how they work, to how to protect yours effectively. But that’s not the end of your security journey. The ultimate guardian of your Secret Recovery Phrase is you.

Luckily, the Ledger ecosystem offers plenty of options to keep your seed phrase safe. Whether you want to check you’ve recorded the correct mnemonic, find a more permanent storage solution, or even use Ledger Recover, Ledger offers an option that works for you—without losing custody of your assets.

셀프 커스터디가 아니라면 암호화폐를 사용하는 이유는 무엇입니까?